In a democratic government, leaders are elected by a vote of the general population. The United States operates under a democratic form of government and has a capitalist economy. Behind their suspicion of each other lay unreconcilable differences in political and economic philosophy. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged from World War II as the world's superpowers. Putting all the information together, intelligence agencies attempted to determine immediate and future threats. Governments used spies who operated in the shadows to intercept enemy communications and learn about weapons strength, military movements, and potential targets. In the Cold War, there was no established war zone, only regional flare-ups. In the two world wars, armies fought on battle fields and oceans and in the sky, in plain sight of one another. The weapons of conflict were commonly words of propaganda and threats. The Cold War was a prolonged conflict for world dominance from 1945 to 1991 between the two superpowers, the democratic, capitalist United States and the communist Soviet Union. This expansion coincided with the beginning of the Cold War. Code breaking, spy rings (a group of spies working together to achieve their goal), and espionage organizations supported by various governments became essential in guiding policies and strategies during the 1930s and during World War II (1939–45).Īt the end of World War II, intelligence and counterintelligence organizations expanded rapidly. With the advent of World War I (1914–18), intelligence-gathering grew in importance. There, as few as a thousand spies collected military intelligence on neighboring countries. Yet even by the beginning of the twentieth century, the only important intelligence operations were located on the European continent. In the United States, intelligence-gathering occurred as early as the American Revolution (1775–83) and during the Civil War (1861–65). Historically it involved daring, adventure-seeking individuals who spied on nearby enemies, then informed their leaders of enemy activity. Spying is considered one of the oldest professions, dating to biblical times. military documents and passing them to Soviet intelligence agents, he or she would be considered a mole. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was also secretly stealing U.S. ![]() For example, if an agent employed by the U.S. Quietly they funnel top-secret information to the enemy. Moles are double agents who betray the agency they work for. The counterintelligence departments of intelligence agencies are always on the lookout for moles. Counterintelligence or counterespionage involves protecting a country and its agencies from spy activities carried out by enemies. Hence, agencies that gather such information are called intelligence-gathering agencies. The acquired information is called intelligence. Garthoff describes the espionage game in his book A Journey through the Cold War.Įspionage, or more simply, spying, is the gathering and analyzing of information about enemies or potential enemies. ![]() Espionage generates its own rules." This is how Soviet affairs expert and former U.S. It violates international law and normal codes of civilized conduct, and yet it is virtually universal because it is considered a matter of vital national importance to states. ![]() "E spionage is a very serious matter for some, a deadly se-rious business.
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